Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cyber Security Policies in Preventing and Addressing Cyber-Crimes: With Special Reference to Digital Forensics in Delhi

Abstract

India's rapid digital transformation has positioned it as one of the world's largest internet markets with over 900 million users, simultaneously exposing it to unprecedented cyber security threats. This comprehensive review paper evaluates the effectiveness of cyber security policies in preventing and addressing cyber-crimes, with particular emphasis on digital forensics capabilities in Delhi. The study examines the legislative framework established by the Information Technology Act, 2000, and its subsequent amendments, alongside institutional mechanisms including CERT-In and Delhi Police's Intelligence Fusion & Strategic Operations (IFSO) unit. Analysis reveals that while India has developed a moderately robust policy framework, significant implementation gaps persist, including inter-agency coordination challenges, skilled workforce shortages, and infrastructural deficiencies. Delhi has witnessed alarming cybercrime escalation, with financial losses increasing 190-fold from ₹6.3 crore in 2015 to ₹1,271 crore in 2025. Digital forensics capabilities, though enhanced through state-of-the-art laboratories and specialized training programs, face challenges in evidence admissibility, cross-jurisdictional investigations, and keeping pace with evolving cyber threats. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening policy implementation, enhancing forensic infrastructure, and fostering public-private partnerships to create a resilient cyber security ecosystem.