Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Sanskrit Literature and its Relevance to Global Sustainability..

Abstract

Traditional ecological knowledge embedded in Sanskrit literature represents one of the earliest intellectual traditions emphasizing harmony between human beings and the natural world. Ancient Indian texts such as the Vedas, Upaniṣads, Rāmāyaṇa, Mahābhārata, Purāṇas, and classical śāstric literature articulate a holistic worldview in which nature is revered as sacred and ecological balance is considered essential for sustaining life. Philosophical concepts such as ṛta (cosmic order), dharma (ethical duty), and ahiṃsā (non-violence) form the foundation of environmental ethics within the Sanskrit intellectual tradition. These texts promote reverence for the earth, forests, rivers, animals, and biodiversity. In the modern era, however, climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation have become major global challenges. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015, aim to address these challenges through integrated strategies for sustainable development. These goals emphasize environmental protection, social equity, and economic sustainability.

This paper examines ecological perspectives found in Sanskrit literature and analyzes their relevance for contemporary global sustainability frameworks. It argues that traditional ecological knowledge preserved in Sanskrit texts offers valuable insights for modern environmental ethics and policy. By integrating ancient ecological wisdom with contemporary sustainability discourse, a more holistic and ethically grounded approach to environmental stewardship may be developed....