A study to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding millet-based diet among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in selected rural areas of Mangalore

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Jun 27, 2026
Keywords:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Millet-based diet, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP), Structured Teaching Programme, Rural Population, Mangalore, Dietary Management, Glycemic Control, Health Education, Community Health Nursing

Main Article Content

Mr. Pradeepa M
PhD Scholar, Department of Community Health Nursing, Srinivas Institute of Nursing College, Srinivas University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Dr. Uday Kumar R
Dean, Department of Community Medicine, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Dr. Tilak Joshi
Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been steadily increasing in India, particularly in rural communities where dietary practices and awareness regarding disease management remain inadequate. In rural areas of Mangalore, including Merlapadavu, Adyar, Arkula, and Neermarga, the shift from traditional diets to refined foods has contributed to poor glycemic control among individuals with diabetes. Millet-based diets, known for their low glycemic index and high nutritional value, offer a cost-effective dietary approach for diabetes management; however, their utilization remains limited due to lack of knowledge and unfavorable attitudes.


This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding millet-based diet among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted, involving 120 participants selected through purposive sampling from the selected rural areas. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice before and after the intervention.


The structured teaching programme was implemented over a period of four weeks and included health education sessions, demonstrations on millet-based meal preparation, and distribution of informational materials. Post-intervention assessment showed a significant improvement in mean knowledge scores (from 45% to 78%, p < 0.001), positive attitude levels (from 52% to 81%, p < 0.001), and healthy dietary practices (from 38% to 69%, p < 0.001).


The findings indicate that structured teaching programmes are effective in enhancing knowledge, shaping positive attitudes, and improving dietary practices related to millet-based diets among individuals with diabetes in rural communities. The study highlights the importance of culturally appropriate nutritional education and community-based interventions in promoting better management of diabetes mellitus.

Article Details

How to Cite
Mr. Pradeepa M, Dr. Uday Kumar R, & Dr. Tilak Joshi. (2026). A study to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding millet-based diet among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in selected rural areas of Mangalore. CINEFORUM, 66(2), 1495–1505. Retrieved from https://revistadecineforum.com/index.php/cf/article/view/855
Issue
Vol. 66 No. 2 (2026)
Section
Original Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. Brussels: IDF; 2021.

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). India Diabetes Study Report. New Delhi: ICMR; 2023.

Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Mahanta J, Narain K, Das HK, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in India. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(8):585–596.

Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. Indian J Med Res. 2007;125(3):217–230.

Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1249–1257.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S1–S350.

Popkin BM. Nutrition transition and its health implications. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(1):27–30.

Misra A, Khurana L. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(11):S9–S30.

Saleh AS, Zhang Q, Chen J, Shen Q. Millet grains: nutritional quality and health benefits. Food Res Int. 2013;54(1):110–116.

Devi PB, Vijayabharathi R, Sathyabama S, Malleshi NG, Priyadarisini VB. Health benefits of millets. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(6):1021–1031.

Kaur KD, Jha A, Sabikhi L, Singh AK. Significance of coarse cereals in health and nutrition. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(8):1429–1441.

Radhika G, Van Dam RM, Sudha V, Ganesan A, Mohan V. Glycemic index of Indian foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(6):1502–1509.

Hemalatha S, Platel K, Srinivasan K. Influence of millet-based diets on diabetes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2005;60(3):97–102.

Shobana S, Krishnaswamy K, Sudha V, Malleshi NG, Anjana RM, Palaniappan L, et al. Finger millet and glycemic response in diabetes. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013;64(8):989–995.

Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50(2):179–211.

Rosenstock IM. Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Educ Monogr. 1974;2:328–335.

Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:1–26.

Sharma M, Romas JA. Theoretical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2nd ed. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett; 2012.

World Health Organization. Global Report on Diabetes. Geneva: WHO; 2016.

Adler NE, Newman K. Socioeconomic disparities in health: pathways and policies. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21(2):60–76.

Stringhini S, Sabia S, Shipley M, Brunner E, Nabi H, Kivimaki M, et al. Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality. JAMA. 2010;303(12):1159–1166.

Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet. 2005;365(9464):1099–1104.

Ojo O, Ojo OO, Adebowale F, Wang XH. The role of dietary interventions in the management of diabetes. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):1–15.

Singh RB, Takahashi T, Nakaoka T, et al. Role of millets and whole grains in prevention of chronic diseases. World Heart J. 2015;7(1):1–7.

Norris SL, Lau J, Smith SJ, Schmid CH, Engelgau MM. Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(7):1159–1171.

Chrvala CA, Sherr D, Lipman RD. Diabetes self-management education for adults. Patient Educ Couns. 2016;99(6):926–943.

Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice. 5th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2015.

Ajzen I. Attitudes, personality and behavior. 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press; 2005.

Contento IR. Nutrition education: linking research, theory, and practice. 2nd ed. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett; 2011.

Walker RJ, Gebregziabher M, Martin-Harris B, Egede LE. Relationship between social determinants and self-care in diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2014;40(6):731–738.

Jeet G, Thakur JS, Prinja S, Singh M. Community health interventions for non-communicable diseases. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0184526.

Rifkin SB. Paradigms lost: toward a new understanding of community participation. Acta Trop. 1996;61(2):79–92.