Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Technology: Applications in Biomedicine and Beyond

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology has revolutionized the field of biomedicine and beyond, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in genome editing. This review provides an overview of recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications across diverse fields, including biomedicine, agriculture, and synthetic biology. We discuss the underlying principles of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, including Cas9 nuclease activity and guide RNA design, and highlight key technological improvements that have enhanced its versatility and utility. Furthermore, we explore the wide range of applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, from precise genome editing in human cells and model organisms to targeted gene regulation and epigenome editing. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and ethical considerations associated with CRISPR-Cas9 technology, including off-target effects, delivery methods, and concerns about genome editing in human embryos. Overall, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology holds immense promise for advancing our understanding of biology, treating genetic diseases, and engineering organisms for various applications, while also raising important ethical and societal questions that must be addressed.