Determinants of Quality of Work Life among Employees in the Fireworks Industry: A Systematic Review of Occupational, Organizational, Socio-Economic, and Personal Factors

Abstract

Quality of Work Life (QWL) is one of the key factors that influences employee well-being, satisfaction, productivity and organization performance, especially in hazardous industries like fireworks factory. The aim of this systematic review is to review occupational, organizational, socio-economic and personal factors that affect the quality of work life among employees in the fireworks industry. The review draws on a synthesis of the existing literature on workplaces safety, exposure to hazardous materials, physical working conditions, occupational health risks, working hours, wages, employment security, supervisory support and organizational policies. Factors related to the work, such as poor safety practices, exposure to chemicals, accident risk, ergonomic demands and restricted access to protective equipment can negatively impact employee physical and psychological health. Organisational factors, including leadership practices, communication, participation of employees, training, recognition, welfare facilities and work-life balance are important determinants of job satisfaction and commitment to the organisation. Employees' perceptions of their working lives may also be shaped by socio-economic factors such as income adequacy, job security, level of education, family responsibilities, and access to healthcare and social protection. Qualities of work life may also vary due to individual factors such as age, gender, work experience and health status, stress management, individual expectation and coping skills. The review underscores the inter-relationship of these determinants and their importance of having a supportive climate in the organization, not just through occupational safety, but also through other socio-economic protection measures, will play a necessary role in improving employee well being. In the fireworks industry, seasonal work, heavy labor and industrial risks have unique demands, particularly with regard to safety. The review suggests enhancing occupational health and safety measures, payment levels and employment conditions, conducting regular safety training, expanding welfare facilities, encouraging employees' participation, and establishing supporting human resources policies. The overall goal of the review is to gain a holistic perspective on the factors contributing to the quality of work life for employees and define areas where further empirical studies, workplace interventions based on research, and the development of policy to enhance the safety, satisfaction, dignity, and sustainable well-being of workers in the fireworks sector are needed.