Advanced Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for Electric Vehicles with Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Home Energy Management
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Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are transitioning from passive grid loads into active distributed energy resources capable of stabilizing the utility grid through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operation and sustaining residential microgrids via Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) services. Seamless bidirectional power transfer demands high-efficiency, galvanic-isolated, and dynamically responsive power electronic interfaces. This paper presents an advanced bidirectional DC–DC converter architecture rooted in an isolated Dual Active Bridge (DAB) topology coupled with an intelligent multi-objective energy management system (EMS). Operating with Single Phase Shift (SPS) and Extended Phase Shift (EPS) modulation, the proposed converter achieves Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) across varying battery state-of-charge (SoC) profiles, suppressing switching losses and minimizing total harmonic distortion. The supervisory EMS integrates residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generation, time-of-use (ToU) electricity tariffs, household critical load profiles, and battery degradation limits to orchestrate seamless transitions across Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), V2G, V2H, and islanded backup operating states. This manuscript details the mathematical modelling of the converter, establishes state-machine control logic, discusses representative parametric benchmarks, and provides a structured foundation for physical prototype implementation and numerical simulation
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