Dogville and Beyond: Self-Reflexivity and the Collapse of Morality in Lars von Trier’s Cinema

Abstract

This article examines the recurring themes of morality, ideology, and self-reflexivity in Lars von Trier’s films, with a particular focus on Dogville. It argues that von Trier’s cinema deconstructs societal systems, exposing the fragility and hypocrisy of moral and ideological constructs through a postmodern aesthetic lens. By employing self-reflexive narrative techniques and minimalist visual styles, von Trier critiques human nature, exploring tensions between democracy and tyranny, idealism and pragmatism, and self-interest and altruism. Drawing on philosophical frameworks, including postmodernism and existentialism, the study highlights how von Trier’s works unravel traditional ethical narratives, revealing the collapse of morality when confronted with systemic contradictions. The analysis situates his films within broader historical and cultural contexts, such as post-war European ideologies. Ultimately, the article underscores von Trier’s use of tragedy to unmask the paradoxes of human behavior and societal order, presenting his works as both deeply critical and profoundly humanist.