Applicability of Forensic Science in Criminal Justice System in India With Special Emphasis on Crime Scene Investigation

Abstract

Presently, the rapid pace of scientific advancement includes forensic science, which utilizes scientific methods to provide impartial, corroborating evidence. Consequently, an increasing amount of complex research data is emerging, often becoming unintelligible to non-scientists. Forensic science, an overarching term, encompasses various scientific fields and addresses numerous healthcare issues. It amalgamates common sense, practical application, and insights from medical, obstetric, and operational domains. Notably, the past 25 years have witnessed significant progress in forensic science, exemplified by developments such as DNA typing, physical evidence databases, and related scientific instruments. Despite these advancements, many police investigations forego forensic procedures due to insufficient funding.
A few more comprehensive studies into DNA testing, its expenses, and its impact on the resolution of unsolved crimes and small-time theft have been conducted, but none that look at the entire range of physical evidence and the criminal justice system. The detective may be able to ascertain how a law was broken with the aid of the evidence analysis. This research aims to explore how criminology is applied in criminal investigations and how important it is to upholding law and order in a community.
Moreover, researchers have also discussed certain methodologies that are devised within a framework that facilitates a comprehensive understanding of how a particular type of evidence can significantly contribute to various aspects of a case. Instead of limiting it to a narrow, reactive process, this approach aims to provide a contextualized and evaluative report of forensic science data relevant to the case. It enables the consideration and proper evaluation of alternative scenarios, thereby enhancing problem-solving capabilities. The role that digital forensics plays as a bridge between medico-legal researchers is also covered in this study.