The Hadiths Contained in Rabi' Al-Abrar And Wa Nusus Al-Akhbar (Anger, Kindness, and What is Related to Them as a Model)
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Abstract
This study examines the hadiths (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) found in the chapters on good and bad morals and customs, anger and gentleness, violence and tenderness, and harshness, lightness of spirit, and seriousness, from the book "Rabi' Al-Abrar Wa-Nusus Al-Akhyar" by the scholar Al-Zamakhshari. The study aims to evaluate these hadiths according to the scientific methodology adopted by hadith scholars, as Al-Zamakhshari did not adhere to the established methodology of hadith authentication and judgment. Rather, he presented them within a literary and exhortative context that necessitates careful critical review. The nature of the research required the adoption of an inductive method for collecting and examining the hadiths, and a critical analytical method for their authentication, the study of their chains of transmission (narrators and methods), and the assessment of their soundness or weakness. The study comprises an introduction and two main sections. The first section is dedicated to introducing Imam al-Zamakhshari, including his name, lineage, title, teachers, students, works, and death. It also introduces his book, Rabi' al-Abrar, explaining its methodology and scholarly standing. The second section presents practical examples of hadith verification from authoritative Sunni sources, analyzing the narrators in the chains of transmission (isnad) according to the opinions of prominent scholars of hadith criticism, and evaluating each hadith while reviewing scholarly opinions. The study reveals that the hadiths in this chapter vary in their degree of authenticity, ranging from sound (sahih) to good (hasan), weak (da'if), and fabricated (mawdu'). Some lack sound chains of transmission or are narrated with wording different from that found in the sources. This underscores the importance of rigorous scholarly scrutiny of everything attributed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), especially in literary works where stylistic emphasis often overshadows the importance of chains of transmission
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