Accuracy and Reproducibility of Smartphone-Based Photographic Measurements for Anterior Dental Esthetic Assessment
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Abstract
Background: Smartphone photography may provide a practical alternative to direct and DSLR-based measurement of anterior dental esthetic parameters.
Aim: This study evaluated the accuracy of smartphone photographic measurements against direct clinical measurements and assessed their intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility.
Materials and Methods: One hundred adults with intact maxillary anterior teeth underwent direct clinical, smartphone photographic, and DSLR photographic measurements of 11 anterior esthetic parameters.
Results: Smartphone measurements demonstrated small mean differences from direct clinical measurements, with linear biases ranging from 0.066 to 0.095 mm and proportional biases below 1%. All linear 95% limits of agreement remained within the predefined ±1.0-mm clinical margin, while intra- and inter-examiner ICCs were ≥0.95.
Conclusion: Under a standardized photographic protocol, smartphone-based measurement demonstrated high reproducibility and close agreement with direct clinical measurement, supporting its potential use for anterior dental esthetic documentation and preliminary assessment..
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