Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Aging: Implications for Longevity and Disease

Abstract

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by the progressive decline of physiological function and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aging is essential for elucidating the fundamental processes that govern lifespan and healthspan. In recent years, significant progress has been made in identifying key molecular pathways and cellular processes involved in aging, including genomic instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aging and their implications for longevity and age-related diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease. We discuss emerging research findings and novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating these pathways to promote healthy aging and extend lifespan. By unraveling the molecular basis of aging, researchers can gain insights into the underlying causes of age-related diseases and develop targeted interventions to improve health outcomes and quality of life in aging populations.