CINEFORUM is a scholarly, double-blind peer-reviewed International Journal that serves as a platform for the dissemination of original research, theoretical insights, empirical studies, methodological advancements, and case analyses in the fields of interdisciplinary areas. Journal Details: Journal Name: CINEFORUM Journal Website: https://revistadecineforum.com Copyright: Remain Journal Aim & Scope: Multidisciplinary Why Choose CINEFORUM Expertise: Our team consists of experienced professionals who are passionate about their respective fields, ensuring that you receive accurate and reliable information. Diversity: We believe in embracing diverse perspectives and voices, ensuring that our content resonates with people from all walks of life. Community: CINEFORUM is more than just a publication; it's a community of like-minded individuals who share a common goal of living in harmony with nature. Peer Review Process At CINEFORUM, we take the integrity of our content seriously. That's why we employ a rigorous peer review process to ensure the quality and accuracy of the articles we publish. Each submission undergoes thorough evaluation by experts in the relevant field, who provide valuable feedback and recommendations to the authors. This process helps us uphold the highest standards of scholarship and ensures that only well-researched, credible, and impactful articles make it to our publication. We are committed to transparency and excellence in everything we do, and our peer review process is an essential part of maintaining our reputation as a trusted source of information on natural living, wellness, and sustainability.
Overview Of Childhood Obesity In India: Risk Factors And Preventive Strategies.
Obesity is a complex issue that affects children across all age groups. Childhood obesity has become a major global epidemic that imposes a substantial social and health burden worldwide. An estimated 4.0 million deaths and 120 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2015 were attributable to an excess body mass index (BMI) globally. The global estimation by WHO showed that, in 2022, more than 390 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years were overweight, including over 160 million living with obesity. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) in this age group rose from 8% in 1990 to 20% in 2022, while the prevalence of obesity alone increased from 2% to 8% during the same period. The genetic factor accounts for less than 5% of cases of childhood obesity. Dietary factors such as fast-food consumption, sugary beverages, snack foods, portion size, skipping breakfasts have been studied extensively for its possible contributions to the rising rates of childhood obesity. Each additional hour of television per day increased the prevalence of obesity by 2%. Studies have shown that having an overweight mother and living in a single parent household are associated with overweight and childhood obesity. In India, we are still struggling with the burden of malnutrition but the issue of over-nutrition cannot be ignored. India should also formulate a national policy and partner with the private sector to end the childhood obesity epidemic...
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Role of AI Chatbots in Enhancing Customer Experience in E-commerce Platforms.
This study examines the role of AI chatbot features in enhancing customer experience on e-commerce platforms, with a specific focus on perceived intelligence, responsiveness, and personalization. It also investigates the mediating role of customer satisfaction in this relationship. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from 433 valid respondents in the Delhi NCR region using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that perceived intelligence is the most significant predictor of both customer satisfaction and customer experience. Responsiveness and personalization also have a positive and significant impact on customer experience, while personalization significantly influences customer satisfaction. However, responsiveness does not have a significant effect on satisfaction. The results further indicate that customer satisfaction does not strongly mediate the relationship between chatbot features and customer experience, suggesting that chatbot attributes primarily influence experience through direct effects. The study demonstrates moderate explanatory and predictive power, highlighting the importance of AI chatbot capabilities in shaping user perceptions. The findings provide valuable insights for e-commerce platforms to enhance customer engagement by focusing on intelligent and personalized chatbot interactions....
A Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Framework for Personalized Mentoring in Learning Management Systems.
The proliferation of online learning in today’s digital world necessitates advanced techniques for personalized mentoring. Online learning has transformed education, but its success hinges on maintaining learner engagement and motivation. A learner’s emotional state plays a crucial role in online learning, influencing motivation, engagement, and comprehension. Unlike traditional classrooms, digital environments often lack real-time emotional cues, making it harder to detect struggles or disengagement. Understanding and responding to a learner’s emotions enables personalized interventions to create an effective learning experience that enhances both academic performance and well-being. Learning Management Systems (LMS) must recognize learners’ preferences, needs, and learning styles to adapt themselves and provide the necessary recommendations and personalized content. Our objective in this paper is a discussion on personalized mentoring-based learning management systems (LMSs) that will enhance the learning motivation of an e-learner through multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA). The emotional state of a learner is a major contributing factor to his or her learning quality. This research states how emotional states could be identified by MSA techniques from their reactions and feedback on different social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter by applying Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision (CV), Prompt Engineering using Generative AI, and Agentic AI.....
Analysis and Prediction of Flood and Impact Estimation by integrating CNN and LSTM Framework.
Floods are among the most damaging natural disasters, made worse by climate change and fast urban development. This paper proposes a framework that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to predict flood events and estimate water overflow levels. The CNN-LSTM model processes a dataset with multiple flood-related features and learns both spatial and temporal patterns. The model achieves over 98% prediction accuracy and Surpasses the effectiveness of traditional methods such as Random Forest, standalone CNNs, and other machine learning models. As cities grow and face new challenges, especially with unpredictable weather, having a smart way to predict floods can really help local authorities act early and avoid bigger problems. The results make it clear that the model is reliable, scalable, and suitable for disaster management applications. This work also aligns with and facilitates sustainable development by supporting communities to get ahead of the curve in taking action, reduce disaster risk and enhance resilience, support climate action, and improve infrastructure, by providing timely and relevant flood forecasts......
Correlation Between Job Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors Among Nurses in a Selected Teaching Hospital, Navi Mumbai.
Background: Job satisfaction is a critical determinant of nursing performance, retention, and patient outcomes. Several occupational and psychosocial factors—including organizational commitment, work environment, and stress—affect satisfaction levels. Aim: To assess the correlation between job satisfaction and its associated factors among nurses in a teaching hospital in Navi Mumbai. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive-correlational design was adopted. Eighty registered nurses were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated tools: Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS), Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS), Occupational Stress Scale (OSS), Professional Commitment Scale (PCS), and Role Conflict Scale (RCS). Reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s α) ranged from 0.78–0.92. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25; Pearson’s correlation was applied, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Nurses reported moderate-to-high job satisfaction (mean = 4.82 ± 1.45) and moderate organizational commitment (mean = 4.65 ± 1.32). Job satisfaction showed a significant positive correlation with organizational commitment (r = 0.629, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation with occupational stress (r = –0.312, p < 0.05). Stress correlated positively with role conflict (r = 0.374, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Job satisfaction is positively associated with organizational commitment and inversely related to occupational stress. Enhancing supportive work environments and stress-management measures can improve satisfaction and retention among nurses.
Learning Environments as Catalysts of Social Change: An Empirical Study of Community Development Outcomes.
Education is often regarded as a catalyst for social change; however, the precise ways in which the quality of daily learning environments influences measurable community development have not been thoroughly explored in India. This research examines how five aspects of Learning Environment Quality (LEQ) including physical infrastructure and resources, instructional methods and teacher effectiveness, engagement between parents and the community, access to digital technology, and the psychosocial/inclusive environment serve as predictors for a comprehensive Community Development Index (CDI). This index encompasses various elements such as social capital, civic participation, economic involvement, health awareness, and gender empowerment. Employing a cross-sectional survey design with a sample size of 420 participants across rural, semi-urban, and urban areas, the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha for reliability testing, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression techniques, and one-way ANOVA. The results reveal that LEQ demonstrates a moderate to strong positive relationship with CDI (r = 0.536, p < 0.001), where physical infrastructure, digital access, and psychosocial climate emerged as the most significant independent predictors (adjusted R² = 0.285; F (5,414) = 34.43; p < 0.001). Furthermore, community development outcomes varied significantly by region with urban areas performing better than semi-urban and rural regions (F(2,417) = 33.05; p < 0.001), highlighting ongoing spatial disparities. The findings contribute to enhancing Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory alongside Coleman's social capital framework within the context of Indian education systems and informal learning environments. They also present important considerations for the National Education Policy 2020’s focus on creating equitable learning ecosystems linked to community resources. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrated investments in physical facilities, teaching methodologies, and digital infrastructure as vital strategies for fostering inclusive community development..
The Interplay of Technology and Tradition: Redefining Education in the Digital Age.
This qualitative research investigates the rapid incorporation of digital technology into educational settings and its dynamic relationship with traditional teaching methods. It aims to understand the implications of this interaction for redefining education in the context of the digital era. Employing an interpretive and constructivist-phenomenological framework, data were collected through 32 semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions involving teachers, students, parents, and school administrators from both urban and rural areas. This was further enriched by classroom observations and reviews of institutional policies regarding digital adoption. The analysis utilized Braun and Clarke's six-phase reflexive thematic approach, enhanced by ongoing memo-writing and peer debriefing to ensure reliability. Five interrelated themes emerged from the data: digital tools functioning as extensions of pedagogical practices; the simultaneous erosion and preservation of established rituals; the formation of a hybrid pedagogical identity among educators; cultural continuity facilitated through digital means; and a landscape of unequal access that influences all aforementioned aspects. The results indicate that technology and tradition are not adversarial but rather mutually constitutive elements within a negotiated, hybrid educational culture. In this environment, digital tools enhance traditional values such as mentorship, oral transmission, and community while also altering the roles, rituals, and relationships associated with these values. This study provides an empirically grounded, context-aware analysis of this negotiation process and suggests important considerations for policy-making, teacher training, and equitable design in digital pedagogy..
Multilayer Weighted Logistic Regressive Deep Convolution Neural Learning Based Feature Extraction For Liver Tumor Detection.
The diagnosing liver disease is crucial for saving lives and managing the condition effectively. The conventional techniques were implemented for liver tumor diagnosis does not provided higher feature extraction accuracy to identify the presence of cancer at an early stage with minimal time complexity while considering a more number of input images. Therefore, a new Multilayer Weighted Logistic Regressive Deep Convolution Neural learning Based Feature Extraction (MWLRDCNL-FE) model is introduced in order to reduce the complexity of feature extraction during the process of liver tumor detection. Weighted Logistic Regression Analysis is a useful tool for feature selection in machine learning where the weight of each feature is determined by the magnitude of its coefficient value. A larger weight value indicates that the feature has a greater impact on the predicted outcome. The designed MWLRDCNL-FE technique includes two main processes. During the first task, Feature Extraction is performed in convolution layer where it identifies the number of features from input MRI liver images. During the second task, feature selection is performed in max-pooling layer using weighted logistic regression concept to discover the most significant features (i.e. morphological, texture, density features) from input MRI liver images with minimal complexity. By using weights to get feature importance in logistic regression proposed MWLRDCNL-FE model improves the features extraction performance of liver tumor detection with lesser time consumption. The experimental evaluation of proposed MWLRDCNL-FE model is performed by considering metrics such as feature extraction accuracy, feature extraction time, false positive rate with respect to different number of input images...
Developing Spontaneous Ideas while Learning the Rules of Grammar: Analyzing the Dos and DON'Ts in Ideas and Grammar Build-Up
Spontaneous idea generation and grammatical competence constitute complementary dimensions of effective language learning that collectively strengthen learners' communicative proficiency. This inquiry explored the strategies that facilitate the simultaneous development of spontaneous ideas and grammar learning while examining the challenges that hinder their integration. Employing an exploratory qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty purposively selected tertiary-level language learners, and the collected narratives were analyzed through Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The findings revealed that recognizing grammatical patterns, connecting grammar with personal experiences, collaborative learning, guided instructional support, and contextualized grammar practice enhanced learners' ability to generate ideas while maintaining grammatical accuracy. Conversely, excessive self-editing, cognitive overload, fear of grammatical errors, limited authentic language models, and inadequate explanatory feedback constrained meaningful language production. The findings further demonstrated that authentic communicative tasks, scaffolded instruction, and constructive feedback promoted the integration of creativity and grammatical competence. These findings extend sociocultural perspectives by emphasizing that grammar learning becomes more meaningful when embedded within authentic communication, collaborative interaction, and learner-centered pedagogical experiences, thereby supporting more coherent, confident, and purposeful language production..
From Civilization to Savagery: A Freudian Psychoanalytic Study of Power, Fear and Leadership in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.
A dark examination of the thin line between order and chaos, Lord of the Flies tells a story of fear, transformation, and a struggle for control and power that ultimately alters human nature. Reading the novel from a psychoanalytical perspective, this article explores the novel, using the theories of Sigmund Freud to reveal the psychological undercurrents which are operating below social order and moral discipline. This study deals with the impact of unconscious desire, aggressive impulses, fear and emotional insecurity that affect power and personal behavior within a story. This article adopts quantitative and interpretative method to discover the change of state of power in a novel where it becomes something psychological that is driven by fear and instinctive desire. It also reveals that the need of primitive instincts, which lie just below the surface of human morality, is still present in today's civilization. The analysis also emphasizes the role symbols, group psychology and emotional panic play in making violence and the loss of the social consciousness possible. In the end, the research claims that Golding's essay demonstrates that human beings are psychologically dualistic beings (both moralist and antisocial) and that keeping the human civilization in existence is not only required but also problematic
Legislative Deficiency in Criminal Law Provisions.
Legislative inadequacy is a general legal phenomenon, inherent in all legislation within any positive legal system. Positive legislation, at any time and in any place, is a human creation and must therefore bear human characteristics, most notably limitations, resourcefulness, and an inability to achieve perfection. This inadequacy stems from the failure of those responsible for drafting legislation to adhere to sound principles of legislative drafting when enacting or amending laws, or from their limited knowledge of jurisprudence and other disciplines such as grammar, logic, and legal theory. It can also arise from the inability of legislation itself to keep pace with the ever-changing and evolving realities of life. Here, forms of legislative inadequacy naturally emerge, which may manifest as the absence of a legal provision to govern the specific case presented to the criminal judge, or as ambiguity in the text, or as conflict with another legal provision....
Reclaiming Strategic Subjectivity: Theorising India's Grand Strategic Doctrine under the Modi Order.
The role India plays in international politics in the twenty-first century calls for an assessment of the theoretical premises underpinning the country's emerging strategic posture. This research attempts precisely this – theorising about India's strategic doctrine under Prime Minister Narendra Modi (2014 to present), a tenure defined by unparalleled assertiveness, the revision of India's civilizational self-perception, and the strategic use of multi-alignment as a tool of statecraft. Using a three-dimensional theoretical framework including structural realism, constructivism, and postcolonial IR, the article concludes that none of the theories satisfactorily explains the epistemological complexity of the 'Modi Order' in Indian foreign and strategic policy. Rather, what is seen here is a unique doctrine that draws on both material considerations and civilizational aspirations, born of India's Hindu nationalist Weltanschauung and a desire to reclaim its place in the world within a liberal international order dominated by the West. The paper critically examines four core tenets of this new doctrine as follows: (i) the shift from Non-Alignment to strategic autonomy and multi-alignment; (ii) the recalibration of nuclear deterrence strategy and its effects on strategic stability in South Asia; (iii) the intensification of India's focus on the Indo-Pacific via Quad and maritime strategies; and (iv) the inclusion of civilisational identity, which is achieved through cultural diplomacy and the Jaishankar Doctrine, into the very fabric of India's grand strategic thinking. The article argues that the Modi Order is not a radical break from the legacy of Nehru, but neither a direct continuation nor a complex and conflictual compromise between the two that mirrors the inherent tensions of a state trying to become both a great power and a revisionist state within the frameworks of multilateral institutions. The inference has important theoretical implications for the discussion about rising states, regional hegemons, and the sustainability of the liberal international order in an age of pronounced multipolarity...
Impact of Task-Specific Electrical Stimulation on Upper Limb Functional Motor Skills in Children with Spastic Quadriplegia.
Background: Spastic quadriplegic children have major functional deficits, mainly related to upper limb restrictions. Task-specific electrical stimulation is being investigated as an adjunct intervention to facilitate active, goal-directed movement and therefore promote motor recovery. Objectives: To examine how spastic quadriplegia (SQ) children's functional motor skills in their upper limbs are affected by task-specific electrical stimulation. Methods: 30 children with SQ were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A had a standardised program of physical therapy. Group B received the same program plus a task-specific electrical stimulation. The outcome measures were selected from the weight bearing domain of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST). Assessments were done before and after intervention and were analysed by acceptable statistical procedures. Results: The results of the QUEST weight bearing domain after treatment were significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001) with much better results in group B than in group A. Conclusion: The added benefit of combining conventional physical therapy with task specific electrical stimulation is to improve the weight bearing capacity in children with SQ as compared to physical therapy alone. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this population might benefit from rehabilitation programs with task-specific electrical stimulation.....
AI-Supported Foreign Language Writing in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Writing Development and Pedagogical Challenges
This systematic literature review examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in foreign language writing instruction in higher education, with particular attention to writing development and pedagogical challenges. Guided by PRISMA 2020 and the PICo framework, the review synthesizes 30 empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025 and retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings show that AI-supported tools, including ChatGPT, Grammarly, QuillBot, Wordtune, and neural machine translation, are most consistently associated with improvements in grammatical accuracy, lexical choice, sentence-level clarity, drafting efficiency, and selected aspects of text quality. Some studies also report reduced writing anxiety, stronger motivation, and increased learner confidence. These benefits, however, are uneven. The evidence is stronger for immediate textual improvement than for rhetorical development, independent authorship, or sustained composing ability. The review argues that AI-supported writing becomes pedagogically meaningful only when embedded in lecturer-mediated instruction, critical AI literacy, and explicit attention to ethical authorship. Without such mediation, AI risks producing more polished texts while leaving learners’ writing judgement underdeveloped. The review contributes by distinguishing AI-assisted text improvement from writer development and by positioning lecturer guidance as central to responsible AI integration in foreign language writing pedagogy
Servant Leadership Beyond Greenleaf: Tracing Its Intellectual Structure and Emerging Themes through Bibliometric Analysis, Systematic Literature Review, and LDA-Based Topic Modelling.
Servant leadership has grown from a philosophical proposition articulated by Robert K. Greenleaf into one of the most actively researched leadership paradigms in management and public administration scholarship. Yet the field's intellectual boundaries, its collaborative structure, and the trajectory of its themes have not been mapped using a combined bibliometric-systematic-computational protocol on a large, recent Scopus corpus. This study analyses 2,153 English-language journal articles, reviews and conference papers indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2026 (search executed 11 August 2026) to characterise the servant leadership literature along four complementary lines of evidence: (i) bibliometric performance and network analysis using VOSviewer, covering country co-authorship, author co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, author co-citation and document bibliographic coupling; (ii) a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review (SLR) of theories, variables, mediating and moderating mechanisms, contexts and methodologies reported in the most-cited and most-relevant studies; and (iii) Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling of 2,128 article abstracts to recover latent thematic structure independent of author-assigned keywords. The corpus generated 71,671 cumulative citations (mean = 33.29 per document) and grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 17.1% between 2000 and 2025, with the United States (467 documents), China (300), Indonesia (174), the United Kingdom (168) and Pakistan (124) as the leading contributing countries. Keyword co-occurrence analysis (94 keywords meeting a 15-occurrence threshold) resolved five thematic clusters spanning core servant leadership constructs, public-sector and civil-service applications, psychological/demographic correlates, and public service motivation, while author co-citation analysis (90 cited authors, four clusters, total link strength = 178,113) confirmed Robert K. Greenleaf, Dirk van Dierendonck and Robert C. Liden as the field's dominant intellectual anchors. An eight-topic LDA solution, fitted on a 2,333-term vocabulary after stop-word and boilerplate removal, recovered coherent latent themes including public-sector and civil-service governance, employee green and creative behaviour, organisational citizenship and self-efficacy mechanisms, and comparative leadership-style reviews, broadly corroborating but also refining the keyword-based clustering. The systematic review of the most-cited and most-relevant 150 studies (Appendix Table A1) shows the field has matured from validating servant leadership as a distinct construct (2000-2010) toward testing complex mediated and moderated models across hospitality, healthcare, education and public administration, with China, Indonesia, Pakistan and the Gulf states now supplying a large share of the empirical output. The paper concludes by identifying under-researched geographic, methodological (longitudinal, qualitative, multi-level) and theoretical (indigenous, non-Western servant leadership formulations) gaps, and outlines a future research agenda for scholars and reviewers...
Reasonableness and fairness in Administrative Action: Comparative jurisprudence from India, UK and USA
Reasonableness and fairness are fundamental principles that regulate the exercise of administrative power in modern democratic states. With the expansion of welfare governance, administrative authorities enjoy wide discretionary powers that directly affect individual rights and liberties. To prevent arbitrariness and misuse of such powers, courts across jurisdictions have evolved doctrines ensuring that administrative actions are rational, just and procedurally fair. This paper examines the comparative jurisprudence on reasonableness and fairness in administrative action as developed in India, United Kingdom and the United States. While the United Kingdom laid the foundation through the doctrine of Wednesbury unreasonableness, the United States emphasized due process and the “arbitrary and capricious” standard under administrative law. India, drawing from both these traditions, constitutionalized reasonableness and fairness under Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution. The study highlights how these principles act as essential safeguards against arbitrary administrative action and reflects a growing convergence towards proportionality, transparency and accountability in public administration.
A Financial Assessment Of Semi Skilled Construction Workers In Tirunelveli District
This study the building sector is important to the country's economy in terms of gross capital production activities. Construction should be regarded as the mother of productive activity since it is interconnected with most other economic sectors. Considering the time allocated for the study and the need for a large enough sample to allow for statistical analysis, 711 homes owned by construction workers were selected at random. Examining the financial assessment of semi-skilled construction workers in the research area is one of the study's main objectives. Construction sector is an important in gross capital formation activity in the country’s economy. It is a productive activity as it results in creation of assets. These assets will be further used for productive purposes. Therefore, construction should be regarded as “the mother of Productive Activities” and it is inter-linked with most of the other sectors in an economy. Practically, all the sectors have construction components in them of varying degrees such as 40 per cent in transport and communications, 75 per cent in power, 80 per cent in irrigation and flood control to 100 per cent in housing....
Predictive Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Farm Income and Food Security in Haryana, India: An Adaptation-Scenario and Optimization Analysis.
Haryana is one of the big surplus production states of the country in terms of grain production but yet it is very much susceptible to the effects of increase in temperature, variability of monsoon and intensive cultivation of rice-wheat on groundwater. An integrated predictive-modeling chain is proposed that integrates downscaled climate projections of SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, a hybrid crop-yield engine (DSSAT-CERES and machine-learning based ensemble), a Ricardian net-farm-income function, a composite Food Security Index (FSI), and linear-programming (LP) adaptation-optimization module. The ensemble yield model (XGBoost) was the best among all models in all five major crops and four agro-climatic zones in terms of predictive ability (R² = 0.91, RMSE = 0.22 t ha⁻¹). Under SSP5-8.5, wheat and rice yields are projected to decrease by 14-23% by the 2050s-2080s, which would be a 21% decrease in state average net farm income and a reduction in FSI from 0.61 to 0.56. The most fragile area is the south west of the country which is dry. With the net farm income (17.3% above BAS) from the changed cropping reallocation for LP optimisation and the transformational adaptation of heat-tolerant crops, the change in sowing dates, micro irrigation or crop diversification, the FSI returns to 0.70. How predictive modelling and optimization can be combined to provide a quantitative climate risk assessment and prioritization of adaptation investments down to the sub-state level is illustrated in the diagram..
Negative Tendencies Of A Leader In Special Education For The Blind.
Special education is unique in all things and it requires uniqueness in its management. Everything in special education itself is unique, including students with special needs, teachers, its citizens, parents, even special education leadership. This uniqueness is simply to make the special education better, because its students need more attention and love. Nevertheless, there are a handful of leaders who show inappropriate negative attitudes in leading special education. The matter has caused discomfort among special education citizens. There are among the leaders who are arrogant and inhumane by neglecting virtue. This qualitative study was conducted to explore these negative practices among special education leadership. A total of 20 respondents consisting of special education teachers were involved in the interview sessions conducted online. The findings of the study show that, the negative attitude of leaders has caused some aspects to be affected such as, not democratic, inhibits creativity, does not celebrate opinion, lacks competitiveness and an unconducive climate. It is hoped that this study can provide a basic overview to the next researcher to conduct further research...
AI-Enhanced Strategies for Supporting Students with Deafblindness: Towards an Inclusive and Multisensory Educational Framework.
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has created new possibilities for improving accessibility, personalisation, communication, and participation in education. However, the application of AI to students with deafblindness remains underexplored despite the complex barriers these learners encounter in accessing auditory and visual information. This conceptual review examines the potential of AI-enhanced strategies to support students with deafblindness and proposes an AI-Enhanced Multisensory Support Framework for Deafblind Education (AIMS-DB). Drawing upon recent scholarship on artificial intelligence in special and inclusive education, assistive technology, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and human-centred AI, the paper identifies six interconnected dimensions of AI-supported deafblind education: AI-supported communication, adaptive and personalised learning, multimodal sensory transformation, intelligent environmental access, AI-assisted teacher decision-making, and ethical and human-centred implementation. Emerging technologies such as natural language processing, computer vision, speech recognition, generative AI, wearable technologies, and haptic interfaces could potentially transform inaccessible information into tactile, Braille, textual, auditory, or other individually accessible forms. Nevertheless, technological innovation alone cannot ensure inclusion. Significant challenges remain concerning algorithmic bias, accessibility, data privacy, technological reliability, digital inequality, teacher preparedness, and the limited representation of people with deafblindness in AI research and development. The paper argues that AI should augment rather than replace teachers, interveners, families, and human communication partners. The proposed AIMS-DB framework therefore positions AI as an intelligent accessibility mediator operating between learners and their educational environments. Future research should prioritise participatory design and empirical evaluation involving students with deafblindness to ensure that emerging AI technologies contribute to communication, learning, independence, agency, and meaningful educational participation....
Evaluating The Effect of Formal Financial Intermediation on Climate Change Resilience Among Rural Farm Households
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of formal financial intermediation on rural farm households’ resilience to climate change using 480 respondents selected through a five-stage multi-stage sampling procedure. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered as an interview schedule. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Tobit regression, endogenous switching regression and exploratory principal component factor analysis. Results showed that 58.5% of the respondents were males, with a mean age of 41 years. Most (58.8%) were married, 59.1% were graduates, and the mean farm size and annual farm income were 2.1 ha and ₦642,343.8, respectively. About 66.0% reported that formal financial institutions were not available in their communities, while 86.9% had not received financial aid during the previous 12 months. The forms of financial intermediation received included subsidies, cash loans and input supplies. The endogenous switching regression results showed a significant overall Wald test (Wald χ² = 59.9, p < 0.001), while the LR test of the index equations was also significant (χ² = 48.02, p < 0.001). The estimated treatment effect indicates that the expected climate resilience index among households that accessed formal financial intermediation was 63.09, compared with 4.81 among households that did not. The average treatment effect on the treated was 57.06 index points. Exploratory factor analysis, using a minimum factor-loading threshold of 0.40, grouped constraints into economic, institutional, infrastructural and technological dimensions. The study concludes that formal financial intermediation is associated with substantially higher climate resilience among rural farm households in the study area, while limited financial access, institutional weaknesses, infrastructure deficits and technological constraints remain important barriers to resilience...
Analysis Of Some Socio-Demographic Variables And Climate Change Mitigation Strategies Among Female Refugee Farmers In Some Selected Camps In Nigeria
The study assessed how socio-demographic factors influenced climate change mitigation strategies adopted by female refugee farmers in their camps in Nigeria, identifying most commonly used mitigation practices, explored the challenges faced in accessing climate change resources, and proposed policy recommendations to strengthen their resilience to climate-related risks. Following 6 objectives formulated, the study was guided by research questions and hypotheses. Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted and a total of 1,322 female refugee farmers were drawn from camps in Taraba, Adamawa, and Cross River States. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and Regression analysis were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that female refugee farmers actively engage in climate mitigation and adaptation practices, relying largely on informal communication networks such as social groups, religious institutions among others for climate information. However, their capacity to implement sustainable climate-smart agricultural practices is significantly shaped by socio-demographic factors such as education, income, access to information, and social networks. Major challenges included financial constraints, limited land access, inadequate agricultural inputs, and institutional barriers which continue to hinder their resilience. The study therefore emphasizes the need for coordinated policy interventions aimed at improving economic security, agricultural training, land access, financial inclusion, and institutional support to enhance climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods among these female refugee farming communities.
The Impact of Government Budgetary Allocation on Adult Literacy Rates in Nigeria: Implications for Educational Policy and Human Development
This study explores the impact of the government's budgetary allocations on adult literacy rate in Nigeria as well as the implications for educational policy and human development. The study utilizes secondary time-series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and the World Bank for the period 2000 to 2023, and then uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to estimate the relationship between the allocation of the education budget and adult literacy outcomes. The results indicate that there is a positive and lasting impact of government spending on education on literacy rates among adults; however, the impact is too weak to reach the UNESCO targets. The study also suggests that the Nigerian government should allocate between 15–20% of its total government expenditure to education, placing a particular emphasis on adult literacy programmes, non-formal education, and the development of basic education facilities, especially in the northern part of the country where there is the highest literacy deficit.
Climate Change Impacts, Socio-Demographic Securities and Graduate Student’s Perceived Academic Achievements in The University of Calabar, Nigeria
This paper explores the interrelationship between climate change impacts, socio-demographic securities and perceived academic achievements of graduate students in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. This study adopted mix method using correlation survey and secondary data from other research materials. Three research objectives were pursued and translated into three research questions and three null hypotheses. Stratified and proportional random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 462 graduate students (masters and doctoral programs) from 6 faculties and 18 departments. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire designed by the researchers in three sections and validated by experts in Test and Measurement in the University of Calabar. The researchers personally administered the instruments and collected same on the spot. Simple percentage, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regressions were used for data analyses. Result of the analyses shows that there is a significant relationship between climate change impacts and graduates student’s socio-demographic securities (r-cal - 0.333, r-crit- .000, 0.05 and 460 df), the second hypothesis also shows a significant relationship between graduate students socio-demographic securities and their perceived academic achievement (r-cal-.973, r-crit-0.00, 0.05, 460 df). While the third hypothesis was analyzed using multiple regression which shows that the 5 factors identified all contribute to influence graduate student’s academic achievements in the University of Calabar, Nigeria. It was concluded that climate change has a significant influence on the socio-demographic securities of graduate students and also on their academic achievements in the University of Calabar. It was recommended among others that there should be climate smart infrastructural improvements, targeted financial support and the integration of climate resilience into educational policies and the introduction of climate change education into the general study courses in the university.